Hardware Security Explained
A hardware security device is a physical device that stores cryptographic credentials in an isolated, tamper-resistant chip. Unlike software-only solutions, hardware devices keep your private keys offline and secure.
How It Works
When you need to authenticate or sign a transaction, the request is sent to the device. The device displays the details on its screen for you to verify, and only signs after you confirm by pressing a button. The private key never leaves the device.
Why Use a Hardware Device?
- Isolation: Keys are stored in a Secure Element, isolated from your computer's operating system.
- Verification: Every action requires physical confirmation on the device.
- Portability: Your security travels with you.
- Compatibility: Works with FIDO2, WebAuthn, and standard authentication protocols.
Types of Security Devices
- Compact USB devices (Ledger Nano Classic)
- Touchscreen devices (Ledger Flex, Ledger Stax)
- Card-style devices (Ledger Security Card)